RDWArecon :: Knowledge Base (KB)

RDWArecon

A python script to extract information from a Microsoft Remote Desktop Web Access (RDWA) application.

This python script allow to extract various information from a Microsoft Remote Desktop Web Access (RDWA) application, such as the FQDN of the remote server, the internal AD domain name (from the FQDN), and the remote Windows Server version

Installation

git clone https://github.com/p0dalirius/RDWArecon.git

How it works

Getting information about the remote server

There is many pre-filled information on the login.aspx page of the Remote Desktop Web Access (RDWA) application. In the input fields WorkSpaceID and/or RedirectorName we can find the FQDN of the remote server, and WorkspaceFriendlyName can contain a text description of the workspace.

<form id="FrmLogin" name="FrmLogin" action="login.aspx?ReturnUrl=%2FRDWeb%2FPages%2Fen-US%2FDefault.aspx" method="post" onsubmit="return onLoginFormSubmit()">
    <input type="hidden" name="WorkSpaceID" value="DC01.lab.local"/>
    <input type="hidden" name="RDPCertificates" value="E7100C72B6C11A5D14DE115D801E100C79143C19"/>
    <input type="hidden" name="PublicModeTimeout" value="20"/>
    <input type="hidden" name="PrivateModeTimeout" value="240"/>
    <input type="hidden" name="WorkspaceFriendlyName" value="Workspace%20friendly%20name%20or%20description"/>
    <input type="hidden" name="EventLogUploadAddress" value=""/>
    <input type="hidden" name="RedirectorName" value="DC01.lab.local"/>
    <input type="hidden" name="ClaimsHint" value=""/>
    <input type="hidden" name="ClaimsToken" value=""/>
    
    <input name="isUtf8" type="hidden" value="1"/>
    <input type="hidden" name="flags" value="0"/>
...
</form>

The RDWArecon.py tool automatically parses this form and extract all the information.

If the remote RDWeb installation was not hardened, there is a high chance that the default version image file /RDWeb/Pages/images/WS_h_c.png is still accessible (even if not mentioned on the login page). This is really awesome as we can compare its sha256 hash value directly with a known table of the windows banners of this service:

Windows OS	SHA256 hash	Banner
Windows Server 2008 R2	`5a8a77dc7ffd463647987c0de6df2c870f42819ec03bbd02a3ea9601e2ed8a4b`
Windows Server 2012 R2	`4560591682d433c7fa190c6bf40827110e219929932dc6dc049697529c8a98bc`
Windows Server 2012 R2	`3d9b56811a5126a6d3b78a692c2278d588d495ee215173f752ce4cbf8102921c`
Windows Server 2016	`fb1505aadeab42d82100c4d23d421f421c858feae98332c55a4b9595f4cea541`
Windows Server 2016	`3dbbeff5a0def7e0ba8ea383e5059eaa6acc37f7f8857218d44274fc029cfc4b`
Windows Server 2019	`2da4eb15fda2b7c80a94b9b2c5a3e104e2a9a2d9e9b3a222f5526c748fadf792`
Windows Server 2022	`256a6445e032875e611457374f08acb0565796c950eb9c254495d559600c0367`

The RDWArecon.py tool automatically gets this file and compare its hash to get the remote Windows Server version.

Usage

RDWArecon.py [-h] -u URL [-v] [-k] [-L] [--no-colors]

Flags

        ____  ____ _       _____                             
       / __ \/ __ \ |     / /   |  ________  _________  ____ 
      / /_/ / / / / | /| / / /| | / ___/ _ \/ ___/ __ \/ __ \   @podalirius_
     / _, _/ /_/ /| |/ |/ / ___ |/ /  /  __/ /__/ /_/ / / / /   
    /_/ |_/_____/ |__/|__/_/  |_/_/   \___/\___/\____/_/ /_/    v1.1
                                                             
    
options:
  -h, --help         show this help message and exit
  -u URL, --url URL  Target RDWeb url
  -v, --verbose      Verbose mode. (default: False)
  -k, --insecure     Allow insecure server connections when using SSL (default: False)
  -L, --location     Follow redirects (default: False)
  --no-colors        Disable colored output (default: False)

Examples

$ ./RDWArecon.py -u https://rdweb.offsec.nl/RDWeb/Pages/en-US/login.aspx\?ReturnUrl\=/RDWeb/Pages/en-US/Default.aspx     
        ____  ____ _       _____                             
       / __ \/ __ \ |     / /   |  ________  _________  ____ 
      / /_/ / / / / | /| / / /| | / ___/ _ \/ ___/ __ \/ __ \   @podalirius_
     / _, _/ /_/ /| |/ |/ / ___ |/ /  /  __/ /__/ /_/ / / / /   
    /_/ |_/_____/ |__/|__/_/  |_/_/   \___/\___/\____/_/ /_/    v1.1
                                                             
[+] Remote server is running: Windows Server 2019
[>] Found information on https://rdweb.offsec.nl/RDWeb/Pages/en-US/login.aspx?ReturnUrl=/RDWeb/Pages/en-US/Default.aspx/RDWeb/Pages/de-DE/login.aspx
  [>] Parsing interesting HTTP headers if any
    | Server: Microsoft-IIS/10.0
  [>] Parsing login form data
    | WorkSpaceID: RDWEB-PROD-OFFSEC.nl
    | RDPCertificates: 9BA78D6BDAFA72FAC23070BDD1DA62F8F39FA7BF
    | WorkspaceFriendlyName: Offsec.nl RDWeb
    | EventLogUploadAddress: 
    | RedirectorName: RDWEB-PROD-OFFSEC.nl

Google Dork

Finding RDWA hosts on the web.

inurl:/RDWeb/Pages/en-US/Default.aspx

URL List

Github.com - RDWArecon